In 1964, Congress passed Public Law 88-352. This law is known as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Civil Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964. These laws ensured constitutional rights for African Americans and other minorities. Although these rights were first guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution immediately after the Civil War, they had never been fully enforced. It was only after years of highly publicized civil rights demonstrations, marches, and violence that American political leaders acted to enforce these rights. One of those demonstrations was a speech that helped change the tide and persuade the people was the I Have A Dream speech by Martin Luther King. the I Have A Dream speech was one of the most powerful speeches because it talked about the importance of everyone being treated equally. The Montgomery bus boycott was another strong protest led by Rosa Parks refusing to get up from her seat to a white man when sitting in the front of the bus. This was in terms of exercising the right for equality on public transportation and protesting against segregation on public transportation. The Greensboro sit-ins were another strong protest as they protested against segregation in public places and fought for civil rights.

When President John F. Kennedy proposed the Initial Civil Rights Act. Kennedy faced great personal and political conflicts over this legislation. Kennedy supported African-American citizens whose heroic protests highlighted the space between American ideals and American realities. Kennedy understood that black people deserved the full equality they were demanding. Kennedy also knew that racial discrimination in the United States was a high public display of violence and terror against racial minorities, this would embarrass America internationally. Kennedy's civil rights legislation created a lot of support among Northern liberals and moderates as well as millions of African-American voters in states where they could vote without difficulty or intimidation. With all of this happening Kennedy was worried about losing the support of white Southern Democrats, this was still the main political force in that region. He was especially concerned about his re-election. Faced with problems in the South about Civil Rights a president finally proposed strong civil rights legislation to Congress admitting privately to civil rights leaders that street protests had forced his hand.


In conclusion, In 1964 the passage of Public Law 88-352 known as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was marked as a big moment in American history. When the legislation was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson. He aimed to get rid of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. While constitutional rights for African Americans and minorities were theoretically guaranteed post-Civil War enforcement of these rights was delayed for decades. The Civil Rights Act emerged after years of strong and dedicated civil rights demonstrations, marches, and speeches such as Martin Luther King's iconic "I Have A Dream" speech which resonated with its powerful plea for equality.
Links:
https://www.britannica.com/event/sit-in-movement#:~:text=The%20sit%2Din%20movement%20produced,communities%20with%20local%20coordinated%20action.
https://www.nps.gov/features/malu/feat0002/wof/rosa_parks.htm#:~:text=Called%20%22the%20mother%20of%20the,Boycott%20by%2017%2C000%20black%20citizens.
https://www.investopedia.com/the-economics-of-martin-luther-kings-dream-speech-4584390#:~:text=Martin%20Luther%20King%20Jr.'s%20%E2%80%9CDream%E2%80%9D%20speech%20was,of%20everyone%20being%20treated%20equally.
https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/civil-rights-movement
https://www.crf-usa.org/black-history-month/the-civil-rights-act-of-1964
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/civil-rights-act
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-rights-center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of-1964#:~:text=In%201964%2C%20Congress%20passed%20Public,hiring%2C%20promoting%2C%20and%20firing.